The Celts The
"Fathers of Europe" were a vibrant group of people sharing common
linguistic and cultural ties. For a thousand years they dominated Europe
from Turkey to Portugal before eventually being overwhelmed by
successive Roman and Germanic expansions. They continued
to survive on the north western fringes of Europe and
today, are found
in Scotland, Ireland, Man, Wales, Cornwall and Brittany
where their
culture and individual branches of the Celtic language
survive to
varying degrees. Famed for their love of war, drinking and
feasting, The Celts were also deeply spiritual people,
with a closeness to nature. To them, the natural world was a living and
sacred entity. The air, water, trees, animals and rocks were deeply
revered. This awareness of the earth's sanctity and latent energy is,
today, reawakening interest in the wisdom of ancient cultures.
The Celts were also master
craftsmen and this tradition continues. Celtic design both attracts and
delights the eye with its intricate complexity based on simple geometry
and nature.
The Celtic deities were bold, noble, beautiful and daring,
representing mythic archetypes clear to us from modern day psychology.
The
Celts thought themselves to be potentially existent in all
worlds, in
the sense that they related to each part of their
cosmology. It was considered easy to pass between the worlds of the
created realms and the Otherworld.
Celtic Art and Symbols As the years went by, religious scholars and monks adopted the traditions of Celtic art,
creating illuminated texts such as the Lindisfarne Gospels. As
Christian beliefs spre ad across the world, the Celtic Cross evolved,
with the circle that surrounds the cross
symbolising the "great wheel of life" - a belief that pre-dates
Christianity. Carved stone cosses are scattered throughout the country
and are a common site in our churchyards today.
Modern interpretations of Celtic tradition have give n us the Arts and
Crafts movement and the era of Art Nouveau, where the ancien t Celtic
belief in elegance of form and a reverence for the Earth and it's
creatures is apparent in the work of artists from many nations
Trescele The
triscele is found in late Celtic art and may have some Roman influence,
although fine examples are found in the native art of Ireland and
Scotland. It may represent the three realms of Celtic lore: the past,
the present and the future. It survived well into the Christian period,
possibly because itcould also be considered to represent the Holy
Trinity.
The Tin Industry Cornwall's ancient tin industry began
nearly 4,000 years ago d uring the Bronze Age. Tin was mined by our
Celtic ancestors and exported to Europe and the Middle East where it was
used in making weapons and tools. Nowhere in the world was tin mining
so engrained into the local cultur e as Cornwall and especially so during the 19th and 20th centuries. In medieval Britain, the tin industry kept Cornwall
relatively independent, with its own stannary law allowing some
self-government. Tin
is traditionally given as a gift on Tenth Wedding anniversaries, and St
Justin have created the Tin and Diamond Collection with this in mind,
although the pieces are also ideal for other occasions.
Celtic Crosses The Celtic cr oss symbolises the bridge to higher energi es and planes of existence. It represents the r elationship
between the celestial realm (vertical axis) and the ear thly plane
(horizontal axis). The circle around the cross symbolises both the Great
Wheel of Life and the solar energy. They represent the union
between the earth and spirit, the stones firmly fixed in the earth and
reaching upwards to the heavens.
C eltic Knotwork The
Celts used knotwork to decorate many of their artefacts. The intricate
patterns woven into spirals and knots symbolised the continuity of life. Celtic
spirals developed from natural examples in shells or plants. These may
relate to Winter and Summer, the light and dark seasons.
Hearts Hearts represent
love in all its many aspects. They also symbolise "having heart", the
power of courage and will. The ancient Egyptians believed it was the
heart that held the per son's soul.
Lugh's Knot
Lugh
was the most honoured of the Irish gods. He was renowned for his
multitude of talents and skills. Similar to the Roman god Mercury, Lugh
was known as a god of both skill and the distribution of talent.
Cornish Bronze The Bronze Age in Great Britain and Western Europe began
over 4,000 years ago. Copper and tin were fused together to form the
alloy bronze, renowned for its strength and longevity.
Using recycled copper and Cornish tin St Justin has
re-created this ancient metal. After casting at over 1000 degrees
centigrade the raw pieces are refined. Finally, the jewellery is
hand-polished to produce a collection of unique bronze jewellery tha t looks like gold. St Petro c St
Petroc was a Welsh nobleman who was educated in an Irish monastery and
then sailed with a small band of followers to the Camel estuary. He
built a church at Padstow with a Celtic monastery as a centre for
spreading the Christian faith. In his travels he also starte d churches in Bodmin and Little Petherick, as well as in many parts of Britain,
Wales and Brittany. King Constantine ruled the area at this time and was
said t o have been converted to Christianity by St Petroc when he
rescued the deer that the King was hunting. There are many legends about
St Petroc's healing, miracles and banishing monsters. He was buried at
Padstow. In the 12th Century St Petroc's Church in Bodmin obtained his
relics and put them i n a painted ivory casket, which can still be seen today. The Staffordshire Hoard
The Staffordshire HoardOn the 5th July, 2009, whilst
metal-detecting on farmland in southern Staffordshire, Terry Herbert
began to unearth the largest hoard of Anglo-Saxon treasure ever found.
Comprising over 1500 items in gold, silver and other alloys and valued
at £3.3 million, the collection is thought to date back to the late 7th
and early 8th centuries.